Ubuntu折腾记录

小歆8年前 (2018-10-12)系统使用032236

![](https://blog.xiaoxin.pro/zb_users/upload/2022/05/202205041732387317010.png)

# SSH服务

1、安装

```
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

```

2、启动

```
sudo service ssh start

```

3、查询状态（可选）

```
sudo service ssh status 
或者
sudo ps -e | grep ssh

```

4、配置

```
sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

```

这里可以修改端口号，默认22端口。

```
KexAlgorithms curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1

```

如果没有添加上面配置，Putty连接时会提示`expected key exchange group packet from server`错误，若不使用Putty这里可以不进行配置。

最后再更新一下配置

```
systemctl restart sshd

```

5、关闭防火墙

```
sudo ufw disable

```

6、配件静态IP
首先找到外网的网卡名称，执行`ifconfig -a`命令返回如下：

```
eth0      Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 00:11:32:5f:94:4f
          inet 地址:10.0.0.8  广播:10.0.0.255  掩码:255.255.255.0
          inet6 地址: fe80::4829:79b3:b677:c1c4/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:60887 错误:0 丢弃:171 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:6114 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000
          接收字节:15933461 (15.9 MB)  发送字节:721431 (721.4 KB)

lo        Link encap:本地环回
          inet 地址:127.0.0.1  掩码:255.0.0.0
          inet6 地址: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:10107 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:10107 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000
          接收字节:1313818 (1.3 MB)  发送字节:1313818 (1.3 MB)

```

例如以上`eth0`为外网网卡名称

修改网络配置文件`sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces`

```
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.8
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.0.0.1
dns-nameserver 10.0.0.1

```

重启网络服务

```
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

```

# 修改更新源

1、打开更新源文件

```
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

```

2、将以下内容进行替换

```
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20170801)]/ xenial main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

```

3、最后执行一下更新

```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

```

# 安装常用软件

1、删除亚马逊链接

```
sudo apt-get remove unity-webapps-common

```

2、安装Vim

```
sudo apt-get install vim

```

PuTTY可选配置：
![](https://blog.xiaoxin.pro/zb_users/upload/2022/05/202205041751399938816.png)

3、安装sysv-rc-conf

```
sudo apt-get install sysv-rc-conf

```

启动sysv-rc-conf

```
sudo sysv-rc-conf

```

4、安装Python3-pip及常用包

安装pip3

```
sudo apt-get install python3-pip

```

更换pip3下载源

```
mkdir ~/.pip 
vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

```

添加以下内容：

```
[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

```

安装pip3常用包

```
pip3 install beautifulsoup4
pip3 install requests

```

5、安装NFS客户端

```
sudo apt-get install nfs-common

```

加载远程目录

```
sudo mount 远程IP:远程目录 本地目录
sudo mount 10.0.0.7:/volume2/file /home/chishin/file

```

开机自动加载远程目录

```
sudo vi /etc/rc.local
#在exit 0前添加上面的加载远程目录命令
mount 远程IP:远程目录 本地目录
mount 10.0.0.7:/volume2/file /home/chishin/file

```

本地目录映射

```
ln -s 源目录 目的目录
ln -s /home/chishin/file/Python /home/chishin/
sudo ln -s /home/chishin/file/wwwroot/ /www/

```

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